[渴望攀岩] 錯誤二 - 讓攀爬者墜落
Tuesday, September 30, 2008, 11:24 AM - 攀岩
Mistake number 2 - Dropped climber 錯誤二 - 讓攀爬者墜落
Injury Potential – lower limb injury at the least, serious paraplegia at the worst
Likelihood – Frequent - especially on climbing walls
Avoidance – Requires practice
潛在危險 - 輕則下肢受傷,重則半身不遂
發生頻率 - 經常 - 尤其在人工岩場
避免方式 - 需要練習
Imagine visiting your friend, he is spending the rest of his life in a wheelchair with a broken back. This is what happened to one unfortunate victim of a poor belayer. Hands up those of you that have dropped someone on a climbing wall. When I asked that question at a recent training course, 50% put their hand up. It is fortunate that poor belaying technique can often be compensated for by fast reactions, but if concentration lapses, poor technique will result, at the least, in painful burns and at the worst a dropped climber.
想像去拜訪朋友,他的背受傷,下半生都要在輪椅上渡過,這就是別人確保不好,其中一個不幸的受害者發生的事。你們之中有誰在人工岩場曾經害別人掉下來的人舉手,最近上訓練課我提出這個問題,一半的人舉手,好在爛的確保方式反應夠快就不會有事,但如果稍為失誤不夠專心,爛的確保輕則燙傷,重則使攀爬者掉下來。
A good belayer is worth their weight in gold, they can offer advice, encouragement, give confidence and save you in a fall. The route to unpopularity as a belayer is to answer your mobile, light a fag, talk to your mates and not pay the rope out for the important clip.
好的確保者有其重要的價值,他們提出建議、給予鼓勵、信心以及墜落時保護你。不受歡迎的確保者會講手機、點根菸、跟同伴聊天以及掛繩不給繩。
The solution to the problem, although simple, does require practice.
解決方法雖簡單還需要練習。
Belay plates and tubes hold a fall by pulling the device closer to the krab forcing the rope into a ‘Z’ shape thereby increasing the friction. To hold a fall, keep the rope in a ‘Z’ position. To pay the rope out, bring the live and dead ends parallel (in this position the belay device is redundant as the rope is only passing round a krab) and pull the live rope through.
確保器制止墜落的方式,藉著把確保器拉近鉤環,迫使繩子彎成Z字形增加摩擦力。繩子維持Z字就可以停止墜落,給繩時,確保器兩邊的繩子平行(這個位置確保器是多餘的,繩子只是繞過鉤環而已),攀爬者和確保器之間的的繩子往上拉。
When changing hands, always have one hand on the dead rope throughout the changeover! Too many people have hit the ground because of failure to do this. To maintains a smooth belaying action and improve the braking action use an HMS krab with the wide end towards the device.
做系統轉換時,制動手要永遠握著繩子!太多人因為沒有這個動作而撞到地上。要保持流暢的確保動作,並改善煞車動作,使用HMS鉤環要寬口朝向確保器。
Half ropes and wet ropes used with belay devices designed for use with single ropes provide less braking ability.
單繩用的確保器拿來套半繩或濕的繩子的話,確保器提供的制動能力較少。
Keep the rope running cleanly through the belay device without any twists because this further reduces its ability to arrest a fall.
讓繩子很平順地滑過確保器,沒有捲曲,才不會減少阻止墜落的效果。
Belaying with an Auto-locking device
用自動確保器確保
There are a number of devices that, at first sight seem to solve the problem of a dropped climber. They are all useful for bottom roping and sport climbing, however because they stop the fall more quickly they transfer much more of the force generated to the climber and protection, therefore they should not be used for traditional climbing.
有很多器材初見時似乎可以解決攀爬者掉落的問題,對下方攀登和運動攀登很有用,然而,這些器材更快停止墜落,轉移很多產生到攀爬者身上的衝擊力及保護,所以不應拿來做傳統攀登。
Petzl’s Gri Gri is the most popular auto-locking belay device in use today, most of its problems are to do with the Gri Gri’s misuse rather than its design.
Petzl的Gri Gri確保器是今天最多人用的自動確保器,大部分的問題在於處理使用上的錯誤而非設計有問題。
•It is possible to load the rope in wrongly, if this has been done just use it like a normal belay device.
•可能把繩子裝錯,假如是,就是把它當作一般確保器去用。
•It is also possible to drop the climber too quickly by squeezing the release arm too far and failing to hold the rope like a normal belay device.
•也可能讓攀爬者掉得太快,因為手握得太遠,不能像一般確保器那樣抓住繩子。
•In addition, the rope jams easily if the belayer is not paying attention, very annoying for the leader if he is going for the ’gripper’ clip.
•還有,確保者不注意,繩子就容易卡住,這樣先鋒攀爬者夾住繩子要掛繩就會很討厭。
•To eliminate many of the problems hold the dead rope as for any other belay device or if you are very careful (although Petzl do not recommend it) hold the auto-locking mechanism down with the thumb whilst keeping a hold of the dead end. Further reading here and here.
•要減少這些問題,制動手像別的確保器那樣抓住繩子,或者你很小心把自動鎖住裝置用大拇指往下壓(Petzl不建議這麼做),制動手保持在繩子上。接著讀這裡和這裡。




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[渴望攀岩] 錯誤一 - 沒有正確綁上繩結
Tuesday, September 30, 2008, 11:24 AM - 攀岩
Mistake number 1 - Failure to tie-in correctly 錯誤一 - 沒有正確綁上繩結
Injury Potential – Death or serious injury high
Likelihood – more often than you imagine
Avoidance - simple
潛在危險 - 死亡或嚴重受傷
發生頻率 - 比你想像的還更常發生
能否避免 - 容易
How ridiculous - forgetting to tie in! Picture yourself 30 feet up Right Wall, you have two runners on the blue rope, you pull it up to clip into a third only to find that you have the end of the rope in your hands. You had forgotten to tie in. I was a qualified mountain guide when this happened! Luckily I could tie a bowline one-handed. Other climbers have not been so fortunate.
忘記綁繩子是多荒繆!想像自己在三十呎高的Right Wall,藍色繩子上有兩條扁帶繩,你拉起來掛到第三條上,發現繩尾在手上,自己忘了綁繩結。這件事發生時我是領有執照的登山嚮導,好在我一隻手就可以打撐人結(bowline),別的攀岩者可沒有如此幸運。
‘Tying-in’ is the bread and butter of climbers’ techniques, but the easy way to get it wrong is not to concentrate; to become distracted. The solution is simple; concentrate, do not let anyone distract you and get into the habit of checking your partner, it may save their life.
綁繩結是攀岩者的基本技能,可是不專心、注意力分散就容易搞錯。解決的方法很簡單,集中注意力,別讓任何人影響你,養成幫繩伴檢查的習慣就可以救他們一命。
The knot you use is personal preference, I prefer the rewoven figure of eight because it is difficult to tie incorrectly and does not come undone. The bowline has worked loose on me during long routes, however the ‘improved bowline’ is something I use when I am sport climbing and falling off is more frequent.
使用的繩結依個人喜好,我偏好編式八字結,因為很難打錯,也不會鬆開。稱人結在我爬長路線曾經鬆開,而爬短路線且很常墜落時我會用改良版稱人結(improved bowline)。
Correct ‘Tying in’ creates a ‘central loop’, just big enough to put a clenched fist through. All knots should be tied neatly and pulled snug, but not over-tight, the tightening of the knot is part of the process of absorbing the energy created by a fall. As a knot tightens, it draws any slack rope into itself, so that if the tail sticking out of the knot is too short, it may disappear with dire consequences. All knots should be tied so that they leave a tail at least ten times as long as the diameter of the rope i.e.11cm in an 11mm rope and 9cm in a 9mm rope. If in doubt, tie a stopper knot after tying the main knot.
正確的繩結中間會有一個圈,大小剛好可以塞進一個握拳。繩結應該要綁緊拉緊,但不能過緊。繩結會吸收墜落所產生的衝擊力而更緊繃,繩結變緊會把繩子拉過去,如果繩結留的尾繩太短,可能會導致繩結消失這種悲慘的結果。繩結綁緊後多出的尾繩至少要繩子直徑十倍的長度,11毫米的繩子留11公分長,9毫米就留9公分。若還不放心,繩結打完再加一個結以防鬆脫。
Attaching to the rope via a krab: This is only acceptable for top roping and bottom roping. Under no circumstances should a krab be used for lead climbing, a fall could result in a cross-loading of the krab. In fact, there are few, if any, situations where attaching a climber to the rope with a krab is recommended.
透過鉤環綁住繩子只允許上方攀登和下方攀登(bottom roping),任何情況都不能用來做先鋒攀登,一個墜落會使鉤環受到橫向拉力(cross-loading),實際上,新的情形建議是繩子先綁在鉤環上,鉤環再套到攀爬者身上。
Dying to Climb 渴望攀岩
Tuesday, September 30, 2008, 11:22 AM - 攀岩
Dying to Climb 渴望攀岩Dying to Climb - Part One
Mistake number 1 - Failure to tie-in correctly
Mistake number 2 - Dropped climber
Mistake number 3 – Rockfall
Dying to Climb - Part Two
Mistake number 4 - Runners falling out
Dying to Climb - Part Three
Mistake number 5 – Un-zippering a pitch
Dying to Climb - Part Four
Mistake number 6 – Belay failure
Mistake number 7 – Poor rope work
Dying to Climb - Part Five
Mistake number 6: Abseil set-up failure
Mistake number 7: Incorrect sliding down the rope
Dying to Climb - Part Six
Mistake number 8 – Lowering from a sport climb
Mistake number 9 – Rope and belay failure when bottom roping
Dying to Climb - Part Seven
Mistake number 10 – Climbing wall accidents
2008基隆忠孝獅子盃路跑賽 紀實
Tuesday, September 23, 2008, 02:39 AM - 慢跑
凌晨四點十分,電話響了,在NB面前有個東西吸引我的興趣。四點四十分出門,帶了小背包和相機。路過便利商店買了優酪乳和茶葉蛋。四點五十不到,在中和交流道附近找停車位,停在很裡面的巷子。Alex從便利商店走出來,而Swim和Sony兄弟到了,車停在超商前。Swim開車,Sony把玩舊的PDA,正在設定導航。抽獎抽到的PDA,始終沒有拿出來用,Sony對台北太熟了,腦子裡面都是地圖,沒有機器導航的必要。
出門的時候我一直在想要不要打電話叫OY,上了交流道沒多久他的電話就來了,說他睡過頭。這是第二次,上回是金石馬拉松,他沒趕上台北車站的接駁車。
天漸漸亮了,我們在暖暖的交流道意見有了分歧,一個說往左,一個說往右,Swim決定往右,開一下就感覺不對勁,說往右的那個人後來一直很安靜。開錯路要轉回來,花掉一些時間,天全亮。彎來彎去都是巷子,騎機車的先生被我們攔下問路,真的繞到都亂了。
靠近暖暖運動公園兩旁的道路,停了滿滿的車,上坡往會場,第一次來的人看到這上坡擔心起待會要跑的路,覺得累了。會場已經有人,大家看起來都很厲害,看穿著就覺得很專業,而年紀更是專業。Swim先去報到,領了號碼牌和烘鞋機,嗯~還真不錯的贈品。

時間還早,沒有免費的早餐,但有水有維大力,我看到腳踏車很興奮,希望自己抽中,有人更誇張還擔心抽中怎麼帶回去。(騎回去?)(先抽中再說吧。)Swim又再提帳篷的事情,等我們俱樂部有那麼多人再說吧。我的心情非常high,難得帶相機來拍活動照片,以前都嫌相機重帶不了,這回抱著探勘和練跑及郊遊的心情,可是拍的很開心。
舞台上三個老師開始帶大家跳暖身操,這是第一次那麼清楚看到舞台上的人,Sony尤其興奮,可以在這種場合跳健身房的舞也是挺新鮮的,大家持續處於亢奮狀態,只是S兄弟看起來很擔心,還沒出發就先投降了。
暖身之前我們看到shaohan和他女友,我遠遠的叫他們的名字,都是他們曾經說過暖暖有辦桌我才一直想來,一到現場我急著想看辦桌有多豐盛,結果只看到三張大圓桌,每桌上面有大臉盆,用黑塑膠布蓋住。到底是什麼呢?有人看到旁邊的貨車寫著米粉什麼的,喔~原來是米粉唷,這算什麼辦桌。害我們還擔心吃不到,怕跑太慢回來都沒了。


競賽組先起跑,Swim還不願動,Sony則匆匆忙忙追著大家後面跑。休閒組晚十分鐘出發,人少,這種程度應該很快就會拉開,也許會看不到其他跑者吧。我跟Alex躲在帳棚下,珊珊出發,沒五分鐘就落到最後面,只有阿婆一家在我們前面。看到大家的屁股很有趣,Alex就拍了下來。
我們慢慢跑,Alex這幾天抱佛腳抱太兇,腳很酸,我用極緩慢的速度,以1K10分鐘的速度壓住他的步伐。沿著產業道路跑,有樹蔭,跑起來很舒服,跑了一段,右邊就看到溪流,多拍了幾張照片。跑了3K左右,遇到折返的跑者,繼續跑,遇到的人越人越多,對著我們笑,我不斷自嘲假裝我是記者,哈,記者證忘了掛啦。還不到折返點,看到最後的補給站,有水有香蕉有柳丁有巧克力有小麵包,哎呀,我不好意思拿,還是等回程再來蒐括,不過拍照總可以吧。


沿路往上跑,坡度不陡,Alex先看輕路況,到了折返點前就知道什麼叫陡了。這段路下來的人每個說著相同的話,轉彎就到了,加油!一個人,一句話,相同的話,可是真的陡,我的小腿緊到不行,都快停下來了,完全不能開口說話。不能停下來啊,停下來就不是跑步了。我對自己說。
折返處工作人員等著我們倆,要我們罰三杯,哈,一杯水,一杯寶礦力,另一杯也是水。喝完給我們折返的信物,就開始收攤了。我們是最後了,馬克說的,不是第一名就是最後一名,那我們回去會有鏡頭會有攝影機對著我們吧。呵,好期待唷。
折返之後就開心了,一路下坡,腳只要往前抬就會前進,無怪乎前面有個小朋友是用衝的,不控制一下速度可是會剎不住腳的。開心的下坡好快,一下就到了10K和21K分開的地方,也一下就到了補給站,我只喝了寶礦力,拿了一截香蕉,拍了幾張照片,工作人員還跑來研究我的相機品牌和型號,這時間,21K的竟然超過我們了,呃,10K跑的比21K慢,21K衝過身邊的速度,可以感覺到風,這速度就算我全力衝刺也達不到。
我們沿途讓路給21K,有個阿伯停下來走路,問我們還有多遠。2K吧。他說走不動了,可是才一下,又繼續衝出去了,呼~真的好強。前面的人都是有名的慢跑團體,我們這幾隻肉腳怎麼能比。
跑回終點前是個大上坡,可沒力衝刺,能不停下腳步就很佩服自己了。終點分兩道,競賽組和休閒組。工作人員給我一張名次卡,329,卻說不記成績。我不懂,以為不記成績不該給我卡。後來比對一下成績板上的名次卡,跟我的沒什麼兩樣,就自己貼上去了。最後一名耶,而Alex老早把號碼布拔下來,沒有名次卡。旁邊的人對我說跑完就好。
跑完我們四處補給,喝水喝維大力,吃米粉喝仙草喝綠豆湯。Alex一直說米粉不好吃,我覺得不錯啊,可能口味對他太淡了。我一碗吃的好飽唷。吃完拍拍照,就去門口等兩兄弟。
過了兩個多小時,人還沒回來,我拿相機拿到酸了,接到簡訊說他們要走完,要我們等他們。Shaohan兩人也沒看到,是跑完了嗎?Swim他們還有4K,這距離用走的最快也要40分鐘吧。預計三個小時多會抵達。三小時未滿,工作人員開始收拾東西,有的人說要繼續發名次,有的人不要,意見相歧,只是看到人回來,發卡的阿伯還是發了。後面還有很多人陸續回來,就是不見兄弟倆,後來Alex收到電話,先去領寄的的東西,我看米粉已經光了,後悔沒先挖起來放。
三個多小時過後,兄弟倆回來了,Sony一跛一跛,尤其疲憊,我們找了一個角落休息聊天,工作人員幫Sony按摩小腿,還有人送我們多的奶茶,每個人喝掉兩杯。之後去找了岩塔,吃個中飯,就回台北了,大家都累了,可是累的好開心,照片也好多,心底非常滿足。

20080919 福和橋團練記事
Monday, September 22, 2008, 08:19 AM - 慢跑
發表時間: 2008/9/20 22:55 晚上來了一位訪客,從網站上看到我們的活動就跑來的Monica。到底是誰說七點半,時間到了還不見人。Babu到了之後我不斷指責他。
難得今天人較多,平常沒出現的都到了,第一次來測速的有歐陽、誠弼和國頌。為了11月23日的接力賽,大家都不敢怠慢,我忙著幫大家計時,沒辦法專心招呼Monica。但Monica也沒閒著,沿著操場外圈跑了3K,休息之後又繼續跑,她第一次來福和橋下,也是第一次看到我們這些人,除了我之後都是男生。而且還是脫光衣服跑步的男生。哼!真不害臊~
第一次測速的人跟我們之前一樣,速度上都需要再加快,特別是我們資優生歐陽,大家都很期待他的表現,結果令babu很失望,其實babu不要小看他,他只是慢慢跑還沒發揮實力。
離半小時要把自己的距離跑完這個目標,我們還有點差距。希望候補不要上場,候補上場,第八棒沒機會跑了。
晚上是一個很開心的聚會,有新朋友,有好久不見的朋友,只是碼表太少,一次只能幫兩個人測速,這樣下來時間都晚了,要攀岩燈都熄了,時間也晚了,希望以後有經費可以採購共用的東西,不然只好看哪些人願意贊助囉。
PS.相機帶去了,但行政庶務太多,又忘了拍了。
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